期末考试的答案(初一英语下册期末试卷及答案)

初一英语期末考试即将来临，为了帮助同学们备考英语期末考试，尝试着完成这份英语期末试卷吧。以下是我给你推荐的初一英语下册期末试卷及参考答案，希望对你有帮助!

初一英语下册期末试卷

　一、单项选择(每空1分，共15 分)

　( ) 1.----Dad, we can sports in school an hour a day now.

　---- Really? That sounds great.

　A. to play B. plays C. play D. playing

　( ) 2.He goes to school after breakfast every morning.

　A. the, the B. \, \ C. the, \ D. \, the

　( ) 3. We should do more in our lessons.

　A. exercise B. exercises C. exercising D. exercised

　( ) 4. The fish .

　A. taste well B. tastes well C. taste good D. tastes good

　( ) 5. --- How many teachers are there in your school?

　--- About four .

　A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of

　( ) 6. She often a train to school, sometimes she goes to school bus.

　A. takes, takes B. takes, by C. by, takes D. by, by

　( ) 7. It will you a long time a language well.

　A. spend, learn B. to spend, to learn C. take, to learn D. take, learn

　( ) 8. Li Tao is from a small village.

　A. a 11 years old boy B. a 11-year-old boy

　C. an 11-year-old boy D. an 11 years old

　( ) 9.Our teacher is very strict us our homework.

　A. in, in B. with, with C. in, with D. with, in

　( ) 10. The movie is , and we are really very when we see it.

　A. relaxing, relaxing B. relaxed, relaxed

　C. relaxing, relaxed D. relaxed, relaxing

　( )11. There are many animals in the zoo. But some animal are scary.

　A. kinds of, kind of B. kinds of, kinds of

　C. kind of, kind of D. kind of, kinds of

　( )12. There are a lot of in our school.

　A. woman teachers B. women teachers

　C. woman teacher D. women teacher

　( ) 13. ?Is the woman your teacher?

　-- Yes, she teaches Chinese.

　A. us B. our C. ours D. we

　( ) 14. ? Excuse me. Is there a post office near here?

　-- .

　A. Yes, it is. B. No, this isn?t. C. Yes, there is. D. No, there aren?t.

　( ) 15. ? Have a nice weekend.

　-- .

　A. That?s OK. B. No problem. C. You?re welcome. D. Thank you.

　二、完形填空(每空1分，共10 分)

　People in different 16 like to eat different foods. 17 kind of food people in the UK 18 to

　eat? Fish and fried 19 chips are very 20 in the UK. Sometimes people 21 them at home, but they usually go to a fast food 22 to buy them. They can have them 23 the restaurant or 24 them away home. Sometimes, they 25 like to eat them in a park.

　( )16. A. country B. countries C. city D. town

　( ) 17. A. Who B. When C. What D. How

　( ) 18. A. would like B. like C. likes D. enjoys

　( ) 19 A. potato B. potatoes C. potatos D. tomatoes

　( ) 20. A. cheap B. large C. popular D. dear

　( ) 21. A. cooking B. cook C. cooks D. to cook

　( ) 22. A. restaurant B. library C. supermarket D. mall

　( ) 23. A. in B. on C. under D. from

　( ) 24. A. get B. bring C. take D. to take

　( ) 25. A. and B. also C. too D. either

　三、阅读理解(每空2 分，共30分)

　A

　We had a terrible school trip last week. Some students were late. Then we waited half an hour for the school bus, but it didn?t arrive. Finally, our teacher took us to take the subway. It took over an hour. When we arrived at the zoo, we were all tired and hungry. We wanted to see dolphins, but there weren?t any. There were some really smart seals(海豹), but we didn?t see the show because we arrived too late. We forgot our cameras, so we didn?t take any photos. Then it started to rain, and no one had an umbrella. We didn?t see many animals because of the rain. So we went for lunch. So we ate hamburgers. My friends also had some ice?cream. But I didn?t have any, because I don?t like it. I wanted French fries, but there weren?t any in the shop. They were sold out! Finally we went back to school. We were wet, tired and stressed out. I didn?t enjoy my school trip at all.

　( ) 26.Why did the teacher take the students to take the subway?

　A. Because the students didn?t want to have the trip.

　B. Because the school bus didn?t arrive.

　C. Because the students didn?t like taking the school bus.

　D. Because the students didn?t take cameras.

　( ) 27. The students were when they arrived at the zoo.

　A. excited B. happy C. tired D. lucky

　( )28. What animal show was there at the zoo?

　A. Dolphin show. B. Seal show. C. Monkey show. D. Panda show.

　( )29. How was the weather after they arrived at the zoo?

　A. Sunny. B. Cloudy C. Windy D. Rainy

　( )30. What did the writer think of the school trip?

　A. Terrible. B. Great. C. Not bad. D. Fun.

　B

　It?s easy to get lost(迷路) in strange city. Here are some tips(方法) to help you find the way and get to your destination(目的地).

　Take a map with you when you go to a new place. If you lose your way, look at the map, you?ll find the place where you want to go.

　If you still can?t find the place on the map, ask the police for help. They will tell you the right way to go.

　Remember the name of your hotel and the street where it is. If you can?t find the way back, take a taxi.

　I hope these tips can help you.

　( ) 31. What does the underlined word ?strange? mean?

　A. 熟悉的 B. 美丽的 C. 现代的 D. 陌生的

　( ) 32. How many tips are there in the passage?

　A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

　( ) 33. What should you take with you when you go to a strange city?

　A. A taxi. B. A map. C. A watch. D. A dictionary.

　( ) 34. You should ask for help if you lose your way.

　A. a man B. a woman C. the police D. your teacher

　( ) 35. Which is the best title(标题) of the passage?

　A. Get lost in a large city B. Some useful tips

　C. Never go to a strange city D. A map is useful

　C

　Hi, I?m a middle school student. I?m Judy. In my class there are thirty-eight students. How do they go to school every day? Seventeen of them take buses because they live far from the school. Six students walk. They think walking is good exercise. Fifteen students ride their bikes to school because they like riding bikes very much and their homes aren?t far from the school. No one goes to school by car. How do I go to school? Ha, I?m one of the fifteen.

　( ) 36. There are students in Judy?s class.

　A. 29 B. 30 C. 38 D. 45

　( ) 37. Six students think is good exercise.

　A. running B. walking C. swimming D. riding

　( ) 38. students ride their bikes to school.

　A. 17 B. 6 C. 10 D. 15

　( ) 39. Judy goes to school .

　A. on foot B. by bike C. by bus D. by car

　( ) 40. No one gets to school .

　A. by car B. by bike C. on foot D. by bus

　四、选用方框里的句子补全对话(每空1分，共5分)

　A: Hi, excuse me.

　( ) B: Yes. 41 .

　( ) A: Well, I?m new in town. 42

　( ) B: Yes, there is. It?s on Bridge Street. 43

　( ) A: Oh? 44

　B: It?s not too far from here. I can walk with you.

　A: Oh, that?s great! Thanks so much.

　( ) B: 45

　五、句型转换(每空2分，共10分)

　46. You can?t wear sunglasses in the classroom.(改为祈使句)

　sunglasses in the classroom!

　47. My weekend was boring.(对划线部分提问)

　your weekend?

　48. Li Ming did his homework last night. (改为否定句)

　Li Ming his homework last night.

　49. How?s the weather? (同义句转换)

　the weather ?

　50. Joe sits on my left. Lucy sits on my right. (合并为一句)

　I sit Joe Lucy.

　六、词语运用。(每空1分，共10分)

　(A)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。

　51. N and ten is one hundred.

　52. Everyone must follow the school r .

　53. If you want to borrow(借) a book, you can go to the l .

　54. The house is too e . We can?t buy it.

　55. Liu Huan is a famous m . I love his songs.

　(B)用所给词的适当形式填空。

　56. I enjoy (skate)on the ice in winter.

　57. Many children like to eat (candy).

　58. At the zoo, Jane (take) many photos along the way.

　59. Look! Mike (use) a computer .

　60. It took me an hour (do) my homework.

　七、 完成句子。(每空1分，共10分)

　61. 我们必须准时到达学校。

　We must get to school .

　62. 我的父亲很喜欢写故事。

　My father likes to very much.

　63. 请把这些肉切碎。

　Please the meat!

　64. 如果你来，我会和你一起去。

　If you , I go with you.

　65. 你想要多大碗的?

　would you like?

　八、书面表达。(10分)

　根据下面的提示写一篇短文介绍你上周末的厦门之旅。

　1. 上周末和父母一起去了厦门，住在叔叔家。

　2. 星期六叔叔带我到厦门大学(university)参观。

　3. 星期天参观了鼓浪屿(Gulangyu)和南普陀庙(South Putuo Temple).

　4. 周末玩的很愉快。

初一英语下册期末试卷答案

　一、单项选择：(15分)

　评分标准：每小题1分，共15分。

　1-5. CBBDA 6-10.BCCDC 11-15.ABACD

　二、完形填空 (10分)

　评分标准：每小题1分，共10分

　16-20. BCBAC 21-25. BAACB

　三、阅读理解(30分)

　评分标准：每小题2分，A、B、C三篇共30分

　26-30. BCBDA 31-35. DCBCB 36-40 CBDBA

　四、交际运用：(5分)

　评分标准：要求写序号，写句子不给分，每小题1分，共5分。

　41-45 DCEBA

　五、句型转换：( 10分)

　评分标准：按空给分，每空1分，每小题2分，共10分。

　46、Don?t wear 47、How was 48、didn?t do

　49、What?s like 50、between and

　六、词语运用： (10分)

　(A)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。

　评分标准：每小题1分，共5分

　51、Ninety 52、rules 53、library 54、expensive 55、musician

　(B)用所给词的适当形式填空。

　评分标准：每小题1分，共5分

　56、skating 57、candies 58、took 59、is using 60、to do

　七、 完成句子(10分)

　评分标准：按空给分，每空1分，每小题2分，共10分。

　61、on time 62、write stories 63. cut up

　64、come, will 65、What size

　八、 书面表达：(10分)

　评分标准：

　1、作文包含所要求的内容，并有适当的发挥，句子通顺，条理清楚， 没有语法和单词错误可以给予10分。

　2、作文包含所要求的内容，句子通顺，存在单词和语法错误，可以给7--9分。

　3、内容不完整，句子较通顺，老师酌情给分。

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高一期末统测物理考试卷及答案

　第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共65分)

　一、听力(共20小题，每小题1分，计20分)

　第一部分 听对话回答问题 (计10分)

　本部分共有10道小题，每小题你将听到一段对话，每段对话听两遍。在听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读题目;听完后，你还有5秒钟的时间选择你认为最合适的备选答案。

　1.Where does the woman like to sit to watch TV?

　A. B. C.

　2.How will Amy go to Beijing tomorrow?

　A. B. C.

　3.Which is made of cotton?

　A. B. C.

　4.How much do the pencil-box and the bag cost?

　A. B. C.

　5.What?s the girl?s favourite festival?

　A.Christmas B.The New Year C.Halloween

　6.What does Mother always eat for lunch?

　A.Meat. B.Noodles. C.Rice with vegetables.

　7.What does Lily think of her school life?

　A.Sad. B.Happy. C.Not interesting.

　8.Whose books are these?

　A.Mike?s. B.Kitty?s. C.Bruce?s.

　9.Wh ere does Anna live now?

　A.Her uncle?s home. B.Her own home. C.Her aunt?s home.

　10.What does the woman buy at last?

　A.Apple juice and oranges. B.Apples and orange juice. C.Apples and oranges.

　第二部分 听对话和短文答题(计10分)

　你将听到一段对话和两篇短文，各听两遍。听每段对话和短文前，你将有时间阅读相关小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，每小题你仍有5秒钟的时间选择你认为最合适的备选答案。

　听一段对话，回答11?12小题。

　11.What do both the man and Millie like?

　A.Apples B.Oranges C.Bananas

　12.What sport does Millie often do?

　A.Basketball B.Pingpong C.Running

　听第一篇短文，回答第13?15小题。请根据短文内容，选择正确答案，完成信息记录表。

　Tommy's 13

　In the morning He gets up at 14 .At 9:00, he helps Sandy with English.

　In the afternoon He plays football with his 15 .

　In the evening After supper, I play computer games.At 10:30, he goes to bed.

　13.A.Monday B.Saturday C.Sunday

　14.A.6:00 B.6:30 C.7:00

　15.A.father B.friends C.mother

　听第二篇短文，回答第16?20小题。

　16.What day is it today?

　A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.

　17.Where do they have a fashion show?

　A.In the school hall. B.On the playground. C.In the classroom.

　18.What colour is Mr Black?s shirt?

　A.Red. B.Pink. C.Purple.

　19.What?s Amy wearing?

　A.A red coat. B.A green sweater. C.A white dress.

　20.Who is Millie?s twin sister?

　A.Amy. B.Lucy. C.Mary.

　二、单词辨音。(从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出划线部分发音不一致的单词，共5小题，每小题1分，计5分。)

　21.A.put B.who C.ruler D.blue

　22.A.she B.sure C.sing D.fish

　23.A.mouth B.mother C.thin D.think

　24.A.coats B.books C.maps D.jobs

　25.A.bowl B.know C.boat D.down

　三、单项选择。(共10小题，每小题1分，计10分)

　26.There is a beautiful park near my home.I always have fun ______ my dog there.

　A.at B.with C.on D.for

　27.?What do people usually eat at Dragon Boat Festival ______.

　A.Mooncakes B.Candies and apples C.Rice dumplings D.Chocolates

　28.Do we need to buy paper cups?

　A.some B.any C.much D.a

　29.The shir t is made ______ silk.

　A.of B.from C.in D.into

　30.I?m busy in the evening, because there ______ lots of homework to do.

　A.has B.have C.is D.are

　31.?How long do you sleep every night ______.

　A.Later than 11:00 B.Six and eight hours

　C.Six and half an hour D.Less than eight hours

　32.?How do you say 300,165,008 ______.

　A.Three hundred million , one hundred and sixty-five thousand and eight

　B.Three hundred millions, one hundred and sixty-five thousand and eight

　C.Three hundred millions, one hundred and sixty-five thousands and eight

　D.Three hundred million, one hundred sixty-five thousand eight

　33.Simon enjoys ______.

　A.to play the basketball B.playing the basketball

　C.to play basketball D.playing basketball

　34.______ does Sandy usually do for Thanksgiving Day?

　A.What B.How C.Where D.Which

　35.?Tom, don?t play any tricks on me.I don?t like them.? ______.

　A.Sorry, I won?t. B.You are welcome. C.That?s OK. D.Why not?

　四、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，计10分)

　Rose is only four years old.She is not 36 .She 37 how to read or write.But her sister Jenny is nine.She is a 38 .She knows how to read and write.

　One day, Jenny 39 her little sister in the room.She is 40 the table.There 41 a pencil in her hand.She is writing.

　?Wh at are you 42 , Rose? she asks.?I?m writing 43 my friend Mary.?

　?But how can you? You don?t know 44 to write,? says his sister.

　?Well,? says Mary, ?it doesn?t matter.Mary doesn?t know how to 45 , either.?

　36.A.at school B.work C.study D.student

　37.A.doesn?t know B.don?t know C.know D.not

　38.A.schoolboy B.boy C.boy student D.girl student

　39.A.write B.sees C.seeing D.reading

　40.A.in B.on C.under D.at

　41.A.is B.are C.has D.have

　42.A.doing B.writing C.seeing D.does

　43.A.from B.to C.for D.with

　44.A.how B.what C.who D.how

　45.A.write B.sing C.read D.dance

　五、阅读理解。(共10小题：每小题2分，计20分)

　A

　Alice?s invitation(请柬)

　Welcome to Alice?s birthday party!

　Time: 3:30pm

　Date(日期): Saturday, Feb 7th

　Place(地点): Flat 15A Shanghai Road, Funing

　Telephone: 87262533

　46.Alice Robert is going to(打算) have a ________ party.

　A.Teachers? Day B.classmate C.birthday D.Chinese

　47.The party starts(开始) at ___________.

　A.four thirty in the morning B.five thirty tomorrow

　C.three thirty in the evening D.three thirty in the afternoon

　48.Alice?s telephone number is ___________.

　A.87253233 B.87265473 C.87262533 D.87254733

　B

　I have two children.Like many other parents, I worry about them because they watch too much TV.First, there are lots of bad programmes on TV.They may learn from them.Second, watching too much TV is bad for their eyes.Many students wear glasses because they watch TV for long hours.Third, watching too much TV makes children think little.I think it is very important for children to read some books.Reading books makes children think more.When I tell this to my children, they just don't listen to me.What can I do? How can I stop my children to watch TV?

　49.Why do many students wear glasses according to the passage?

　A.Because they study too hard. B.Because they read many books.

　C.Because they watch too much TV. D.Because they have a pair of glasses.

　50.What is the best title of the passage?

　A.An interesting story. B.A mother's worry

　C.Bad programmes on TV D.Don't read books.

　C(课外阅读考查)

　51.According to Habitats, where do cacti store water?

　A.In trunks B.In leaves C.In spines D.In stems

　52.According to Alex the Rainwalker, what was Alex?s favorite game?

　A.Singing and dancing in the clouds B.Keeping moving between the raindrops

　C.Playing hopscotch on the raindrops D.Playing hide-and-seek in the clouds

　53.According to Mikolay and Julia Saved the Fairyland, what was the fairies? trouble?

　A.They couldn?t sing beautifully

　B.Their home was destroyed

　C.They couldn?t go to the other side of the lake.

　D. Their wings were too fragile.

　54.According to The wind in the Willows, why did the Rat and the Mole got lost in the wild wood?

　A.Because snow covered everything.

　B.Because the Mole?s leg got hurt.

　C.Because they wanted to go to the Badger?s home.

　D.Because they wanted to travel around the wild wood.

　55.According to The wind in the Willows, what did Toad steal outside the pub?

　A.A horse B.A barge C.A car D.A caravan

　第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共55分)

　六、阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。(共10小题;每小题1分，计10分)

　British life today

　British people like good food, and more than half of them go to a restaurant every month.Fast food is also very popular---30% of all adults have a burger every three months, but 46% have fish and chips!

　British people don?t do a lot of sport.Only 17% of people go swimming every week.9% go cycling and 8% play golf.Only 6% people play football (but 32% go to watch it).

　Films are very popular in Britain, and about 60% of people between 15 and 24 go to the cinema every month.At home, men watch TV for about three hours every day?half an hour more than women.

　British people love going on holidays.Most of these holidays aren?t in the UK---27% are in Spain, 10% are in the U.S, and 9% are in France.Maybe this is because the weather in Britain is terrible!

　56 in Btitain today

　Food British people like 57 food.

　Over half of British people go to a 58 every month.

　They like fast food, especially 59 and chips.

　Sports British people don?t 60 a lot of sport.

　They like swimming better than cycling, playing golf, playing

　61 .

　TV and cinema Most British people like to go to see 62 every month.

　Men watch TV more than 63 .

　64 British people love to go abroad on holiday because of the terrible

　65 in Britain.They like to go to Spain, the USA and France to enjoy themselves.

#高一# 导语学习是一个坚持不懈的过程，走走停停便难有成就。比如烧开水，在烧到80度是停下来，等水冷了又烧，没烧开又停，如此周而复始，又费精力又费电，很难喝到水。学习也是一样，学任何一门功课，都不能只有三分钟热度，而要一鼓作气，天天坚持，久而久之，不论是状元还是伊人，都会向你招手。 高一频道为正在努力学习的你整理了《高一期末统测物理考试卷及答案》，希望对你有帮助！

　一

　第Ⅰ卷选择题（共40分）

　一、本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～4题只有一项是符合题目要求的，第5～8题有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

　1.关于物理量和物理量的单位，下列说法中正确的是

　A．在力学范围内，国际单位制规定长度、质量、力为三个基本物理量

　B．后人为了纪念牛顿，把“牛顿”作为力学中的基本单位

　C．1N＝1kg?m?s－2

　D．“秒”“克”“摄氏度”都属于国际单位制的单位

　2.下列关于物体运动的说法，正确的是

　A．物体速度不为零，其加速度也一定不为零

　B．物体具有加速度时，它的速度可能不会改变

　C．物体的加速度变大时，速度也一定随之变大

　D．物体加速度方向改变时，速度方向可以保持不变

　3.如图甲所示，在粗糙水平面上，物体A在水平向右的外力F的作用下做直线运动，其v—t图象如图乙所示，下列说法正确的是

　A．在0～1s内，外力F不断增大

　B．在1s～3s内，外力F的大小恒定

　C．在3s～4s内，外力F不断增大

　D．在3s～4s内，外力F的大小恒定

　4．如图所示，A、B分别是甲、乙两小球从同一地点沿同一直线运动的v-t图象，根据图象可以判断

　A．甲、乙两球加速度大小相同方向相反

　B．两球在t=8s时相距最远

　C．两球在t=8时相遇在出发点

　D．两球在t=4s时相距最远

　5．两个人以相同的速率同时从圆形轨道的A点出发，分别沿ABC和ADC行走，如图所示，

　当他们相遇时相同的物理量是

　A．速度B．位移C．路程D．平均速度

　6．将一个力F分解为两个不为零的分力F1、F2，以下说法可能正确的是

　A．Fl、F2与F都在同一直线上B．F1、F2都小于F/2

　C．F1或F2的大小等于FD．F1、F2的大小都与F相等

　7．质量为m的人站在升降机中，如果升降机运动时加速度的绝对值为a，升降机底板对人的

　支持力N=ma+mg，则可能的情况是

　A．升降机以加速度a向上加速运动

　B．升降机以加速度a向下加速运动

　C．升降机在向上运动中，以加速度a制动

　D．升降机在向下运动中，以加速度a制动

　8．如图所示，清洗竖直楼房光滑玻璃的工人常用一根绳索将自己悬在空中，工人及其装备的

　总重量为G，且视为质点。悬绳与竖直墙壁的夹角为α，悬绳对工人的拉力大小为F1，墙

　壁对工人的弹力大小为F2，则

　A．F1＝Gsinα

　B．F2＝Gtanα

　C．若工人缓慢下移，增加悬绳的长度，但F1与F2的合力不变

　D．若工人缓慢下移，增加悬绳的长度，则F1减小，F2增大

　第Ⅱ卷非选择题共5题，共60分

　二、非选择题，全部为必考题。考生根据要求作答．解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤．只写出最后答案的不能得分．有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位．

　9.（6分）在“探究力的平行四边形定则”的实验中，首先用两个弹簧测力计分别钩住绳套，

　在保证弹簧测力计与木板平行的条件下，互成角度地拉长橡皮条，使结点到达O点，用铅

　笔记下O点位置及两细绳的方向，如图中的OA、OB方向，读出两弹簧测力计的示数FOA

　＝2.8N、FOB＝3.6N.

　（1）根据平行四边形定则，在图中利用图示法作出FOA与FOB的合力，其大小F＝___．

　（2）为了完成本实验，还要进行的一项关键操作是___________，在本操作中需要记录

　的是________和________．

　10.（9分）某探究学习小组欲探究物体的加速度与力、质量的关系，他们在实验室组装了一

　套如图所示的装置，图中小车的质量用M表示，钩码的质量用m表示。要顺利完成该实

　验，则：

　（1）为使小车所受合外力等于细线的拉力，应采取的措施是_________；

　要使细线的拉力约等于钩码的总重力，应满足的条件是__________。

　（2）打点计时器接频率为50Hz的交流电某次打出的某一条纸带，A、B、C、D、E、F

　为相邻的6个计数点，如图，相邻计数点间还有四个点未标出。利用图中给出的数

　据可求出小车的加速度a＝_____m/s2。

　（3）某位同学经过测量、计算得到如下数据，请在a－F图中作出小车加速度与所受合

　外力的关系图象。

　组别1234567

　M/kg0.580.580.580.580.580.580.58

　F/N0.100.150.200.250.300.350.40

　a/m?s－20.130.170.260.340.430.510.59

　（4）由图象可以看出，该实验存在着较大的误差，产生误差的主要原因是______。

　11.（14分）如图所示，一位重600N的演员，悬挂在绳上。若AO绳与水平方向的夹角为37°，BO绳水平，则AO、BO两绳受到的力各为多大？若保持O点及A点位置不变同时B点位置一直向上移动，在B点位置上移过程中AO、BO的拉力如何变化？已知sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.6。

　12.（15分）完整的撑杆跳高过程可以简化成如图所示的三个阶段：持杆助跑、撑杆起跳上升、越杆下落。在第二xx届北京奥运会比赛中，俄罗斯女运动员伊辛巴耶娃以5.05m的成绩打破世界纪录。设伊辛巴耶娃从静止开始以加速度a＝1.25m/s2匀加速助跑，速度达到v＝9.0m/s时撑杆起跳，到达点时过杆的速度不计，过杆后做自由落体运动，重心下降h2＝4.05m时身体接触软垫，从接触软垫到速度减为零的时间t＝0.90s。已知伊辛巴耶娃的质量m＝65kg，重力加速度g取10m/s2，不计空气的阻力。求：

　（1）伊辛巴耶娃起跳前的助跑距离；

　（2）假设伊辛巴耶娃从接触软垫到速度减为零的过程中做匀减速运动，求软垫对她的作用力大小。

　13.（16分）如图所示，固定光滑细杆与地面成一定倾角，在杆上套有一个光滑小环，小环在沿杆方向的推力F作用下向上运动，推力F与小环速度v随时间变化规律如图所示，取重力加速度g＝10m/s2。求小环的质量m及细杆与地面间的倾角α。

　答案

　一、本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～4题只有一项是符合题目要求的，第5～8题有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

　题号12345678

　答案CDBCBCDACDADBC

　二、非选择题，全部为必考题。考生根据要求作答．解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤．只写出最后答案的不能得分．有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位．

　9.（6分）.

　（1）如答图所示（1分）4.8N（1分答案在4.5N～5.0N均给这1分）

　（2）只用一个弹簧测力计将橡皮条的结点拉到同一位置O点（2分）弹簧测力计的示数（1分）拉力的方向（1分）

　10.（9分）

　（1）平衡小车所受的摩擦力（2分）钩码的质量远小于小车的质量（1分）

　（2）0.5（2分）

　（3）如答图所示（2分）

　（4）没有平衡摩擦力（写平衡摩擦力不足或平衡摩擦力角度过小）（2分）

　11.（14分）

　解：对绳上的O点受力情况进行分解，如答图所示。

　由力的平衡知识可得：FAcos37°=FB①（3分）

　FAsin37°=G②（3分）

　联立方程①②解得：FA=1000（N）（2分）

　FB=800（N）（2分）

　若B点位置向上移，FA将一直减小（2分），FB将先减小后增大（2分）。

　12.（15分）

　（1）设助跑前的距离是s，由运动学知识可得：v2=2as①（3分）

　将数据代入①式解得：s＝32.4(m)②（2分）

　（2）设伊辛巴耶娃在撑杆跳下降阶段身体接触软垫前的速度是v1，由自由落体运动规律可得：

　v12=2gh③（2分）

　设软垫对她身体的作用力是F，由牛顿运动定律可得：

　④（3分）

　F－mg=ma1⑤（3分）

　联立方程③④⑤可得；F＝1300（N）⑥（2分）

　13.（16分）

　由乙图可得：0～2s内小车的加速度是：

　①（4分）

　将数据代入①式解得：a1=0.5(m/s2)②

　小环在上升过程中前2s内做匀加速度直线运动，其受力情况如图甲所示，由牛顿第二定律可得：

　F1－mgsinα＝ma1③（4分）

　小环在上升过程2s后做匀速直线运动，其受力情况如图乙所示，由力的平衡知识可得：

　F2＝mgsinα④（4分）

　将F1＝5.5N，F2＝5.0N代入③④，联立方程③④解得：

　m=1（kg）（2分）

　α＝30°（2分）

　二

　一、单项选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，本题共9小题，每小题4分，共计36分）

　1．如图所示，我国空军在进行空中加油训练．大型加油机与接受加油的受油机在空中以同样的速度沿同一方向水平飞行．下列说法中正确的是（）

　A．选地面为参考系，受油机是静止的

　B．选地面为参考系，加油机是静止的

　C．选加油机为参考系，受油机是运动的

　D．选加油机为参考系，受油机是静止的

　2．为了使公路交通有序、安全，道路两旁都竖立了许多交通标志．如图所示，甲图是某高架桥上的限速标志，表示允许行驶的速度是60km/h；乙图是路线指示标志，表示离下一出口还有25km．上述两个数据的物理意义是（）

　A．60km/h是平均速度，25km是位移

　B．60km/h是平均速度，25km是路程

　C．60km/h是瞬时速度，25km是位移

　D．60km/h是瞬时速度，25km是路程

　3．两个做匀变速直线运动的物体，物体A的加速度aA=3m/s2，物体B的加速度aB=﹣5m/s2，两者比较,以下说法中正确的是（）

　A．物体A加速度大B．物体B加速度大

　C．物体A的速度大D．物体B的速度大

　4．下列各组中的物理量，都属于矢量的是（）

　A．速度、加速度、温度B．位移、力、质量

　C．速度的变化、位移、力D．加速度、时间、路程

　5．物体以12m/s初速度在水平冰面上作匀减速直线运动，它的加速度大小是0.8m/s2，经20s物体发生的位移是（）

　A．80mB．90mC．100mD．110m

　6．木块放置于木板上，与木板始终保持相对静止．在缓慢抬高木板右端的过程中，木块受到木板的支持力与摩擦力的合力（）

　A．竖直向上，大小不变B．竖直向上，逐渐增大

　C．垂直于木板向上，逐渐増大D．垂直于木板向上，逐渐变小

　7．汽车从静止开始以加速度a做匀加速直线运动．当速度达到v后立即以大小为a的加速度做匀减速直线运动，直到静止．在整个加速阶段和整个减速过程中，下列物理量不相同的是（）

　A．位移B．时间C．加速度D．平均速度

　8．物体在同一平面内受F1、F2、F3三个共点力的作用处于平衡状态，当把F3的方向在同平面内旋转60°时（F3大小不变，F1、F2大小方向都不变），则三力的合力大小为（）

　A．0B．F3C．FD．2F3

　9．如图所示，两根等长的绳子AB和BC吊一重物静止，两根绳子与水平方向夹角均为60°．现保持绳子AB与水平方向的夹角不变，将绳子BC逐渐缓慢地变化到沿水平方向，在这一过程中，绳子BC的拉力变化情况是（）

　A．增大

　B．先减小后增大

　C．减小

　D．先增大后减小

　二、多项选择题（每小题至少有两个正确选项，每小题4分，选对但不全得2分，共计16分）

　10．一个物体从静止开始以加速度a做匀加速直线运动，经过时间t后改为做匀速运动，又经过时间2t后改为做匀减速运动，再经过时间3t刚好静止．下列说法正确的是（）

　A．在6t时间内的总位移大小为4at2

　B．在6t时间内的平均速度大小为at

　C．匀减速运动的加速度大小为3a

　D．匀减速运动过程中的平均速度大小为0.5at

　11．从同一地点同时开始沿同一方向做直线运动的两个物体Ⅰ、Ⅱ的速度图象如图所示．在0～t0时间内，下列说法中正确的是（）

　A．Ⅰ、Ⅱ两物体的位移都在不断增大

　B．Ⅰ物体的加速度不断减小，Ⅱ物体的加速度不断增加

　C．Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个物体的加速度都在不断减小

　D．Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个物体的平均速度大小都是

　12．如图所示，轻质光滑滑轮两侧用细绳连着两个物体A与B，物体B放在水平地面上，A、B均静止．已知A和B的质量分别为mA、mB，绳与水平方向的夹角为θ，则（）

　A．物体B受到的摩擦力可能为0

　B．物体B受到的摩擦力为mAgcosθ

　C．物体B对地面的压力可能为0

　D．物体B对地面的压力为mBg﹣mAgsinθ

　13.如图所示，一木块放在水平桌面上，在水平方向上共受到三个力即F1、F2和摩擦力作用，木块处于静止状态，其中F1＝10N，F2＝2N。若撤去力F1，则下列说法正确的

　A．木块受到滑动摩擦力

　B．木块受到静摩擦力

　C．木块所受合力为2N，方向向左

　D．木块所受合力为零

　三、实验填空题：（共10分，本题中的选择题有的有一个正确答案，有的不止一个正确答案）

　14．（2分）一个实验小组在“探究弹力和弹簧伸长的关系”的实验中，使用两条不同的轻质弹簧a和b，得到弹力与弹簧长度的图象如图所示．下列表述正确的是．

　A．a的原长比b的长

　B．a的劲度系数比b的大

　C．a的劲度系数比b的小

　D．测得的弹力与弹簧的长度成正比

　15．(8分）在“探究小车速度随时间变化规律”的实验中：

　（1）打点计时器使用的电源为（选填交流或直流）电源．

　（2）下列操作中正确的有（填选项代号）．

　A．在释放小车前，小车要靠近打点计时器

　B．打点计时器应放在长木板的有滑轮一端

　C．应先接通电源，后释放小车

　D．电火花计时器应使用低压6V以下交流电源

　（3）实验中，把打点计时器接50Hz交流电，打出的一条纸带如图．A、B、C、D、E为我们在纸带上所选的记数点．相邻计数点之间有四个点未画出（即相邻两点的时间间隔为0.1s），各点间的距离如下图所示，则在打D点时，小车的速度为m/s．并可求得小车的加速度大小为m/s2．（计算结果都保留两位有效数字）

　四、论述计算题（本题共3小题，共38分.解答时请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位）

　16．（12分）质量为m=3kg的空木箱，放置在水平地面上，用一轻绳沿水平方向施加拉力，当拉力F1=8N时，木箱静止；当拉力F2=9N时，木箱恰能被拉动；当拉力F3=7.5N时，木箱恰好做匀速直线运动（重力加速度g=10m/s2）求：

　（1）木箱在8N的拉力作用下受到的摩擦力的大小及木箱与地面间的静摩擦力的大小；

　（2）木箱与地面间的动摩擦因数；

　17．（12分）汽车关闭发动机后,以匀减速直线运动滑行进站,已知滑行120m时速度减小为原来的一半,再滑行8s静止,求汽车关闭发动机时的速度和滑行的距离.

　18.（14分）如图所示,在倾角为37○的固定斜面上静置一个质量为5kg的物体,物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数为0.8.求:

　(1)物体所受的摩擦力;(sin37○=0.6,cos37○=0.8)

　(2)若用原长为10cm,劲度系数为3.N/m的弹簧沿斜面向上拉物体,使之向上匀速运动,则弹簧的最终长度是多少?(取g=10m/s

　答案

　12345678xkb1.com910111213

　DDBCBACBBADACBDBD

　14.（1）B

　15.(1)交流（选填交流或直流）电源

　(2)AC．（填选项代号）

　(3)小车的速度为0.34m/s．加速度为0.40m/s2．（计算结果都保留两位有效数字）

　16.解：（1）木箱在8.0N的拉力作用下木箱处于静止，根据平衡条件可知f=F1=8N；-------------------2分

　当拉力F2=9N时，木箱恰能被拉动，即说明木箱与地面间的静摩擦力的大小是9N．----------------2分

　（2）当拉力F3=7.5N时，木箱做匀速运动，说明滑动摩擦力与拉力相等，即：f′=F3=7.5N

　木箱与地面间的动摩擦因数：------------------4分，（-公式、结果各2分）

　（3）弹簧的原长是12cm，当拉力F3=7.5N时，弹簧的长度L=17cm，由胡克定律宽度：F3=k（L﹣L0）

　N/m----------------4分，（公式、结果各2分）

　17.解：（1）设小球自由下落至平板车上表面处历时t0，在该时间段内由运动学方程

　对小球有：h=①---------------------------------------------2分

　对平板车有：s=②---------------------------------------------2分

　由①②式并代入数据可得：s=0.27m．--------------------------------------2分

　（2）从释放第一个小球至第2个小球下落到平板车上表面高度处历时△t+t0，设平板车在该时间段内的位移为s1，由运动学方程有：

　s1=③-------------------------------------2分

　至少有2个小球落在平板车上须满足：

　s1≤s+L④-------------------------------------2分

　由①～④式并代入数据可得：△t≤0.4s．-------------------------------------2分

　答：（1）小车左端离O点的水平距离为0.27m；

　（2）若至少有2个小球落在平板车上，则释放小球的时间间隔△t应满足△t≤0.4s．

　18.（14分）

　（1）以小球为研究对象受力分析如右图所示：

　得：

　-----------------4分，

　（2）以小球和斜面整体为研究对象,受力分析如右图所示：

　--------------4分（-公式、结果各2分）

　或由（1）FN=FT,

　FNcos30°=Ff也可得

　（3）对照第（2）题小球和斜面整体受力分析图：

　由平衡条件：

　----------------2分

　（或隔离斜面同样得：Mg+FNsin30°=FN’）

　由题意可知----------------2分